Suchergebnisse

The increasing prevalence of algorithmic decision systems in both public and private realms demands for ethical and political considerations. However, the often-postulated claims for fair, transparent, and accountable algorithms lack conceptual ground. Particularly, the relation of accountability and transparency is revealed as a self-contradictory figure. As a counter proposal, an ethics of responsible interaction with algorithms is proposed. Drawing from a deconstructive understanding of ethics, a responsibility of translation is developed. The resulting concept is further elaborated by an empirical account of the algorithmic risk assessment of Skitourenguru. For this end, the algorithm of Skitourenguru is examined as a socio-material arrangement linking up temporarily and spatially distinct events. It is shown that human decisions require formally undecidable value judgments. These value judgments it is further argued exceed the limitations of formal systems and must be inscribed into algorithms a priori. Finally, the concept of responsibility is extended towards a democratic duty to participate in the development of value standards for algorithms. Further research is needed to fully understand and differentiate the performative mechanisms of algorithms ; Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüft ; Innsbruck, Univ., Masterarb., 2021 ; (VLID)5972648

This report analyses the salience and position of the German government concerning differentiated integration in the European Union. The report employs a range of quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse government programs, speeches of the prime minister and parliamentary debates. The results of the salience analysis show that differentiated integration is sparsely mentioned by the German government. It occurs most frequently in parliamentary debates, where it is discussed on a concrete level and concerns instances and mechanisms of differentiated integration. The results of the position analysis show that the German government and opposition parties take a very similar stance that encourages homogenous European legislation in reference to Germany's historical role and responsibility in Europe. However, when the parliament discusses a specific issue that is in one of the parties' or Germany's general interest, mechanisms of differentiated integration are embraced as a way to move forward. This stance can be summarized as homogenisation if possible, DI if necessary. ; This [report/publication/etc] is part of the InDivEU project which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 822304.

In 2016, the Centre for Rural Development – commissioned by Transparency International – developed a Handbook on Land Corruption Risk Mapping, which helps NGOs, governmental institutions, and other actors to systematically identify and assess corruption risks in land governance and to develop effective counter-measures. The present study was produced during the development process of the handbook. It explains the handbook's conceptual framework (corruption, corruption risks, risk assessment, etc.) and details the methodological approach that was used to develop and test the handbook. In addition, the study presents the results of four case studies that were conducted in Kenya as part of the development and testing process, namely: 1) Urban space land conflicts in Nairobi; 2) Indigenous communities and their role in initial land registration in West Pokot; 3) Inheritance of land and land rights for women in Kakamega; 4) Large scale land acquisitions in Kwale. Finally, the study includes recommendations – for Transparency International, for governmental institutions, and for NGOs – that were drawn from the handbook development process and from the case studies in Kenya.

Corruption in land governance is a significant problem in many countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It leads to insecure tenure rights, and thus contributes to non-sustainable use of land, food insecurity, inequality, violent conflicts, and the breakdown of livelihood systems. To design effective counter-measures against corruption in land governance, it is important to gain an accurate understanding of the weak spots in the respective land governance system. Therefore, the Handbook on Land Corruption Risk Mapping – commissioned by Transparency International and developed by the Centre for Rural Development (SLE) – helps NGOs, governmental institutions, and other actors in Sub-Saharan Africa to systematically identify and assess corruption risks in land governance and to develop effective counter-measures. The handbook is divided into three phases: I) Research on the historical, legal, and institutional context of the respective land governance system; II) Conduction of a participatory multi-stakeholder workshop to identify and assess corruption risks in key land governance processes; III) Development of strategies to tackle the identified corruption risks. The handbook is illustrated with examples from case studies in Kenya.